陈雅新：《从“黑船”到“红船”：粤剧戏船变迁新探》，《文化遗产》2021年第5期。

【内容摘要】论及粤剧戏船，或误以“红船”为粤剧戏船专有之名，或混淆粤剧戏船与歌伎船。其实，“红 船”在明清两代可指诸多船种，在诗词中一般泛指船舶。粤剧戏船最早见诸乾隆初年记载；是广府本地班即粤剧班借用珠江上常见的内河客、货船，并不断进行“戏班化”改造而成的船种；至清末民国才始称“红船”，或仅是在颜色上与前一阶段所用“黑船”对比的结果。粤剧戏船的基本形制由创制于明永乐朝的漕运河船演变而来，为头低尾翘的平底浅船，长约22.1米，宽约4.5米，其结构、部件的形制、颜色皆大致可考。

【关键词】粤剧戏船；红船；黑船；外销画；广府

From Black Boat to Red Boat: The Change in Cantonese Opera Boats

Chen Yaxin 

Abstract: When discussing Cantonese opera ships, there is a potential misconception that “Red Boat” is a specific name of Cantonese opera boats, or confusing them with geisha ships. In fact, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, “Red Boat” referred to various types of boats and generally referred to vessels in poetry. The earliest records of Cantonese opera boats can be traced back to the early years of the Qianlong reign. They were initially borrowed by local Cantonese opera troupes from the common inland river passenger and cargo ships on the Pearl River, and gradually transformed into specialized theater boats through continuous modifications. It was not until the late Qing dynasty and the Republican era that they began to be referred to as “Red Boats”, which may simply be a result of contrasting with the previous “Black Boats” in terms of color. The basic shape of Cantonese opera ships evolved from the canal boats used for water transportation during the Yongle reign of the Ming dynasty. These ships have a low front and raised stern, with a length of approximately 22.1 meters and a width of approximately 4.5 meters. The overall structure, components, and colors of Cantonese opera ships can be roughly determined.

Keywords: Cantonese opera boats, Red Boats, Black Boats, export paintings, Guangfu