崔若男：《何德兰的摄影与晚清中国儿童及家庭研究》，《文化遗产》2022年第3期

【内容摘要】十九世纪末期来华的美国美以美会传教士何德兰留下不少有关中国儿童及家庭生活的影像，其中一部分藏于哥伦比亚大学伯克图书馆，一部分被收入何德兰的中国儿歌集《孺子歌图》内。《孺子歌图》中的儿歌可分为“母歌”与“儿戏”两类，“母歌”所附的摄影以表现中国家庭亲子关系的合照为主；“儿戏”所附的摄影主要为表现儿童日常生活的照片、儿童模仿成人职业或生活的照片、儿童游戏的照片等。何德兰通过“摆拍”将带有极强主观色彩的摄影作为儿歌的“注解”，从而建构出“和睦”的中国家庭与“淘气”的中国儿童形象。何德兰通过跨文化比较的视野和实验心理学方法研究中国儿童及家庭，但仍无法回避当时西方传教士汉学研究中普遍存在的西方中心主义和基督教普遍价值，其研究也是借由“科学”话语发现中国的“儿童”及“家庭”，进而试图改造中国的“国民性”。

【关键词】何德兰；传教士；儿童；家庭；摄影

Study on Isaac Taylor Headland’s Photography and Chinese Children and Families 

in the Late Qing Dynasty

Cui Ruonan

Abstract: Isaac Taylor Headland, an American missionary who came to China at the end of the 19th century, left a large number of photographs about Chinese children and families’ life. Some of them were contained in Burke Library in Columbia University, and some were published in Headland’s Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes. The nursery rhymes in Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes can be divided into two categories: “mother’s songs” and “children’s plays”. These photographs were posed and contrasting pictures with strong subjective as “notes” for nursery rhymes, constructed a positive image of different Chinese children and families- harmonious family and naughty children. Headland studied Chinese children and families through cross-cultural comparison and experimental psychology methods, while still can’t avoid the universal values of Western-centralism and Christianity-centralism that prevailed in the sinological studies of Western missionaries at that time. Headland discovered Chinese “children” and “family” through “scientific” discourse, and then reform Chinese national characters.

Keywords: Isaac Taylor Headland, missionary, children, family, photography