陈雅新：《戏曲中的龙舟表演考论》，《戏剧艺术》2022年第1期

【内容摘要】古代戏曲表演龙舟时，除虚拟性表演外，还可利用实物道具。道具形制宛如龙舟，套在演员身上。表演人数约为四到六人，脚色自由，多头上扎巾或戴帽，可插石榴花、戴雉尾等，身穿彩衣，手持画桨，船头一人手持小旗两面。表演形式主要为两龙舟作往来交驰、相斗夺标状，常伴有唱曲、宾白、舞蹈及后台的锣鼓、喝彩等。上场的龙舟为一支或两支，或两支先后上场;一次表演完成后，通常会再重复一次。考察道具龙舟表演，除了可供今日舞台艺术参考，对理解古代戏曲舟船表演、剧本的舞台性、戏曲表演“虚拟性”的衍变、戏曲与其所包含民间文艺的祭祀性等方面也具有参考意义。

【关键词】戏曲；道具；龙舟；戏画；外销画

A Review of the Dragon Boat Performance in Xiqu

Chen Yaxin

Abstract: In addition to virtual performances, a kind of physical prop was also used in dragon boat performance in Xiqu, ancient Chinese opera. It is like a dragon boat in shape, set on the performers. There are usually four to six performers, taking free roles, wearing scarf or hat on head with pomegranate flowers or pheasant tails pinned on it, dressing in colored clothes, holding painted oars, with one of them at the head of the boat, two small flags in hands. In performance, usually two dragon boats move back and forth, in the way of competing for championship, often accompanied by singing, monologue or dialogue, dance and backstage gongs and drums, cheers, etc. There is one boat or two boats performing onstage, or two boats performing one after the other, and normally the performance will be repeated once. A review of the performance with dragon boat as prop will serve as reference not only for today’s stage art, but also for a better understanding of the ancient boat performances, the stage nature of script, the evolution of the “virtual”performance,and the sacrificial significance of folk arts in Xiqu.

Key words: Xiqu; props; dragon boat; picture of Xiqu; picture for export